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THE

BY rHILO PACIFICUS.

lilH Glorv to God in the highest— on eaitb, Peace— Good \\iH tbwnvds m^<— S"o«^ fl/" An^eU-

CONTENTS.

CxiMlilUDGE:

TRINTED iJY HILIIAIID AND METCAtF.

Movember 1819.

FRIEND OF PEACEV^ |}|

No. VI.— Vol. II. ,^ I

1 1

11
1

Review of a statement of Sir James M'lntosh - 1

The cutting of tke scissors - - - - - 2

The parable of the sower ----- 5

Review of the best troops ----- 8

Education acting upon human character - - 10

Precautions in contagious fevers - - - - 12

A serious difficulty proposed for solution - - i5

Review of a scale of glory ----- 17

Sketches of the piratical Bucaneers - - - 20

Atrocities allowed iu War - - - - - 26

Letter from the Hon. Elias IBoudicot - - £8

Letter from the Hon. Mr. Jefferson - - - 31

Cummington Peace Society - - - - SS

Constitution of the Hingham Peace Society - - 34 grnjil

Lines on hearing the new8 of Perry's victory - ^^ S |i||

Dialogue on war with Spain - - - « - 36 8 =^.

Auspicious occurrences - - . - - 39

Notice to the members of the M. P. S. » - - 40

Deceased members of (he M. P. S. - "' - 40

Supposed error - - .. . - - - 40

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VINDICATION

CERTAIN PASSAGES

THE COMMON ENGLISH VERSION

NEW TESTAMENT.

ABDRESaED TO

GRANVILLE SHARP, ESQ.

AUTHOa OF THE

Sfimayks on the us93 of the Definitire Article in the Greek Text of the New Tegtament,"

By THE

Rev. CALVIN WIN6TANLEY, A. M,

THE

Vol. iL.,.jyo, ri.

KEVIEW OF A STATEMENT OF SIR JAMES M*INTOSH.

X HE jurisdiction of life and death is an awful au-
thority, which is wisely eutrusted to courts of judicature,
in order to hold forth the wholesome example, that justice
may take away life, though power cannot."

This remark was made in a late parliamentary speech, to
enforce a motion for revising the criminal code of Great
Britain and diminishing the number of capital offences. We
have not introduced the remark for the purpose of censure,
nor with a view to discuss the question respecting the utility
of capital punishments. Our object is, to call the attention
of our readers to a remarkable contrast.

Sir James M'lntosh has told us, that " the jurisdiction of
life and death is an awful authority, which has been wisely
entrusted to courts of judicature to hold forth the wholesome
example, that justice may take away life, though power can-
not."

Now this remark is applicable to but a very small part of
the cases in which death is inflicted by human governments.
It will apply to those cases only, in which persons are accus-
ed of some offence that is deemed capital, and the supposed
criminal is allowed an impartial hearing and trial.

What shall we then say of the numerous cases in which
thousands and tens of thousands, are implicitly sentenced to
death by a war Manifesto ? We may indeed still say, that" the
jurisdiction of life and death is an awful authority." But to
whom is this authority « entrusted ?" Mt to a « court of ju-
dicature," which grants an impartial hearing to each indi-

Vol, U. J>ro. 6, 1

vidua], prior to passing the sentence of death ; but to an ex-
asperated ruler, or an assembly of rulers, who, without even
the forms of trial, pass a wholesale sentence of death, which
involves the innocent with the guilty, and friends with foes.
This surely is not to « hold forth the wholesome example that
justice may take away life, though power cannot ;" hut, on
the contrary, to hold forth the destmctive example, that poW'
er can take away life, though justice cannot.'*

Can a governm^t be regarded as wise, just, and humane,
because it allows the murderer, the pirate, and the robber
a fair trial by jury, while by a sweeping manifesto it consigns
fifty or a hundred thousand innocent persons to a violent
death or extreme suffering, without even the forms of justice,
hearing, or trial ? Is this civilization ? Is it not rather bar-
barity with a vengeance, and of the rankest growth that ever
afflicted the world ?

If Sir James M'Intosh, Mr- Wilberforce, and the other ad-
vocates for a reform of the British criminal code, would seri-
ously examine this subject, they would find ample employ-
ment for their mightiest powers of argument and oratory.
For, of all the codes which exist on earth, the war code is
the most criminalf the most barbarous, and the most abomina-
ble. Compared with this, the code of the Spanish Inquisition
is mild, just, humane, and benevolent.

THE CUTTING OF THE SCISSOBS.

Mr. Heckeweider, in his « Historical Account of the In-
dian Nations," has given the following specimen of Indian
wit: —

" I have heard them compare the English and American
Nations to a pair of Scissors, an instrument composed of two
sharp edged knives exactly alike, working against each other
for the same purpose, that of cutting. By the construction
of this instrument, they said, it would appear as if, in shut-
ting, these two sharp knives would strike together and des-
troy each other's edges 5 but no such a thing ', they only cut

what comes between them. And thus the English and Amer-
icans do when they go to war with one another. It is not
each other that they want to destroy, but us, poor Indians,
that are between them. By this means they get our land,
and when that is obtained, the Scissors are laid by for further
use." pp. 98, 99.

As an illustration of the cutting of these terrible Scissors,
we shall give another extract from Mr. Fuller's speech in
Congress on the Seminole war. In reference to a prior war,
he says —

" On the 9th of August, 1814, Gen. Jackson dictated to
the surviving Creeks, or at least to as many of them as
would submit to his terms, Articles of Capitulation, by which
he demands of the prostrate warriors, as an indemnity for
the expenses of the war, Jifteen millions of acres of land,
worth, at the present legal price, thirty millions of dollars,
but in fact worth double that sum. One gentleman, no doubt
to show the value of Gen. Jackson's services, says, that this
territory was the only acquisition made by us in the war with

Great Britain, except renown. With potent England we

make peace without any indemnity but renown ; but we com-
pel the ignorant fugitives of the forest, who where enticed
into the war by her, and who have nothing but their wilds
and their huts, to cede fifteen millions of acres ! From these
wide domains, those tribes which had before traversed them
for a livelihood were forced to retire."

Thus the barbarous Anglo-American Scissors cut the poor
Indians. And such is the humanity of an American Gene-
ral. He doubtless believed that these Indians were <» entic-
ed*' by Great Britain to engage in the contest ^ yet after
having butchered 800 of their warriors, he demanded « fif-
teen millions of acres of land, as an indemnity for the expen-
ses of the war !"

If it be true, that the Creeks were " enticed into the war,'*
they were surely obje^cts of compassion. How then could
the American government give its sanction to such a merciless
treaty, obtained by violence, the very worst species of fraud !

What an indelible stain on our national character, unless it
shall appear, that the treaty was ratified with a fixed purpose
to restore the land at a future day, or appropriate all the
avuils of it in improvin.sj the condition of the Creeks and in a
manner satisfactory to them.

We know that, in vindication of this treaty, it has been
pleaded, that other nations in a similar manner have obtain-
ed cessions of land, and that such things are common and ac-
cording to the usages of war. But why may not our high-
waymen and pirates, with equal propriety, justify their con-
duct in holding the property ceded to them, by pleading that
this is according to the usages of pirates and robbers in oth-
er countries ? May they not also enforce their plea by ob-
serving, that the principle on which they act has been sanction-
ed by the examx)le of rulers of every country in time of
war ?

Let it, hjowever, be remembered, that in earlier times, it
was according to the usages of war, to murder captives, or
to hold them as slaves ; but such a practice is now abhorred
by all civilized men. In like manner posterity will abhor
the operation -of the great Scissors, in cutting the Indians
and robbing them of tlieir lands.

But we are told by a Member of Congress, that the « ter-
ritory, peded by the Indians, is the only acquisition made by
us in the war with Great Britain, except renown." This is
a very broad concession ; but as we are not able to deny its
correctness, we shall state a few queries, that the benefits of
the war may be fairly examined and better understood :—

First. In the estimation of impartial and enlightened pos-
terity, v/ill not the disgrace of robbing the Indians of " fifteen
millions of acres of land," be regarded as an offset to all the
" renown" we acquired by our contest with the other half of
the *' Scissors ?"

Second Were not the expenses of the war twice the value
of the land, which we compelled the Indians to cede ?

/Third, If these lands were the « only acquisition made by
us in the war with Great Britain^ except renown," and if the

« renown" is cancelled by our cruelty towards the Indiana, —
and if, after all, the land acquired would not more than de-
fray half the pecuniary expenses of the war ;— what have we
left to balance the loss of the many thousands of lives, and the
innumerable crimes and sufferings, occasioned by the war ?
Let the impartial answer this question.

Still we are ready to concede, that this war was as just,
as necessary, and as useful to the parties, as wars in general.
But we wish our readers clearly to understand, that *' when
princes play for provinces, the lives of men are as counters,"
and that the extreme anguish and distresses of millions of
mourners, wounded men, and bankrupts, are accounted as
cyphers, in estimating the expenses of a war.

THE PAKABIB OE THE SOWER.

"Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap." — Gal. vi. 7.
** They that plow iniquity and sow wickedness reap the same "

Job iv. 8.

" They have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind."

Hosea viii. 7-

The inhabitants of a certain country found by observation,
that peaceable people were sometimes assaulted, robbed, and
murdered by hardened ruffians. To guard against such occur-
rences, one family after another adopted this maxim : " To
preserve peace and secure life and property, it is best for eve-
ry family to be armed and always prepared for war." On this
principle a number of families assumed a military attitude,
the fashion soon became general and acquired popularity.

Having furnished themselves with weapons of death, con-
siderable pains was taken to learn to use them with dexterity
and effect. The head of a family was careful to instruct his
children and servants in the use of arms, and to inspire them
with exalted sentiments of fighting valor, heroism, and glory.
Public displays were frequently made of these defensive prep-
arations, as a terror to the unprincipled barbarian.

It was not long, however, before this custom produced

deplorable consequences. It excited and cherished a spirit ot
ambition; envy and revenge ; it familiarized the use of wea-
pons for manslaughter ; and soon it became a common opin-
ion, that bravery in battle is the glory of man. The ideas
of honor among this people were so refined or so corrupted,
that trivial offences were deemed suflScient to justify murder-
ous combats, the preparations, the parade, and the boast-
ings of one family, excited the jealousy and resentment of
another, and were often regarded as of the nature of insult
or defiance, which could not be overlooked. Explanation or
redress was demanded in a tone of menace, and of course an-
swered in a manner unsatisfactory and irritating. The
heads of the several families lost their confidence in each other,
and watched one another's movements with the jealousy of ri-
vals and enemies. The leading men had now much more to
fear from each other, than they formerly had from the few
vagrant robbers that infested their country. Children and
servants imbibed prejudices against their neighbours. They
indulged themselves in bitter revilings and invectives, and
often endeavoured to effect an open rupture, that they might
have opportunity for acquiring fame or plunder. Contests
became frequent, and the country was filled with violence,
oppression, and wretchedness.

It was an acknowledged principle with these families, that
the aggressor in war is a murderer j yet of this guilt each
acquitted himself, by imputing it to his antagonist. The
combats, however, became so common, so necessary, and so
Jionorable, that the idea of guilt seldom occurred ; or if it did
occur, it was pretty sure to be cancelled by the glory of con-
quest or bravery iri battle. Indeed the military character
rose to such a height in the estimation of this bewildered
people, that it became the supreme object of ambition and
applause. Men of the most abandoned characters and dis-
solute lives, could acquire crowns or medals of glory by the
most atrocious and inhuman acts of violence and murder.

The fair sex, who should have been better instructed, were
taught by custom to admire the hero who had wantonly shed

the blood of many brethren. By this injiidicioas appropria-
tion of female influence, fuel was added to the fire of ambi-
tion, which served to multiply the number of widows and or-
phans, and to swell the tide of human wo.

On the whole, the method which was adopted to prevent
private, individual murders, proved the means of increasing
a hundred fold the number of ferocious and unprincipled men.
It also intoxicated the minds of thousands, who were other-
wise peaceable citizens, and led them to adopt the practices
of those whose violence they had formerly feared, and whose
characters they had justly abhorred.

This custom has already formed such a multitude of ferocious
and desperate men, that the state of the country is truly per-
ilous. To maintain the popularity of the custom will but
increase the mischief and the danger ; yet by many it is
supposed, that to abolish the custom will expose the virtuous
to become a prey to the wicked. Therefore, on what they
call the principle of self-preservation, they still encourage
the spirit of war, and give celebrity to the worst of crimes.
They seem not to be aware that this practice has been the
source of the greater portion of the bloodshed which has hap-
pened in the country and of their present danger. In opposi-
tion to the light of history, the experience of ages, and the
very laws of nature, they imagine that the harvest of peace
and security is most likely to be produced by sowing the seeds
and cultivating the plants of war and violence.

Reader ! if you jdease, let the foregoing parable be called

a dream. The words of Daniel will then be applicable :

« The dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof is also
sure." — Men do not gather grapes of thorns, nor figs of
thistles. If we wish for peace, we must sow its principles
and cherish its spirit. The opposite course is ruinous to man,
revolting to nature, and abhorrent to God.

EEVIEW OF THE BEST TROOPS.

The Hon. A. Smyth, in his defence of Gen, Jackson, has
given some account of what he denominates the " best troops."

"Let us follow the General to New Orleans. There we find him with
a motley force of 3600 men, meeting 12,000 of the best' troops that ever
appeared on our shores. May 1 not say the best troops that ever appear-
ed in any age or nation ? Yes, and they were as unprincipled, as fearless.
They had driven the warriors of France, those conquerors of continental
Europe, from the pillars of Hercules to the Pyrenees. A part of them
had sacked this city and burned the capitol ; a part of them had visited
Hampton ; they had left the fathers in anguish unutterable ; they had
left the matrons and virgins in tears. Yes, they had committed against us

wrongs which are never to be forgotten. Those troops who had violated

the rights of war, who had committed against us every atrocity, and heap-
ed upon our country every disgrace, sailed to New Orleans, and there they
met the dire avenger — Willi the loss of 13 men he defeated 12,000 ; the
incendiaries and ravishers were punished, and the wounds inflicted on our
country's honor were healed." Speech in Congress.

We are not sufficiently informed to affirm or deny as to
the correctness of Mr. Smyth's account of these troops.
They might be the « best troops" in the sense intended by
the orator — that is, best for military purposes, being « as
unprincipled as fearless." The atrocities Imputed to them
are not incredible. Such things are common with the reg-
ular troops of Christian nations. The savages however of
our country are far more chaste and exemplary in their
treatment of females.

But regular troops — though « incendiaries and ravishers,"
are no worse by nature than other men. The shocking de-
pravity by which they are distinguished is to be imputed to
the barbarous war policy. These wretched men are trained
up by governments for abandoned, unprincipled, and fearless
butchers of their species. Being deprived of their natural
rights as men, deprived also of many of the comforts which
render life desirable, and of the means of religious improve-
ment, their moral feelings become deadened, — and as they
are deiiied the sweets of liberty, they indulge themselves in
the pleasures of licentiousness. The females of a conquered

town they regard as lawful plunder ; and, having wantonly
insulted and abused them, they leave them in anguish and
tears.

Is it thus that Christian rulers— who should be fathers to
their people-— train up their sons for slaughter and destruc-
tion ? Yes ; and to make them '* the best troops" they make
them, if possible, seven fold more the children of the devil than
the despised red men of America. These depraved and ruin-
ed soldiers are employed in wars that might be avoided with a
thousandth part of the expense which they occasion, and
exposed to be " driven away in their wickedness," to be hur-
ried into eternity, contaminated with vice and polluted with
the blackest crimes.

How blind, how depraved, or how infatuated must be the
man, who can suppose that such a course of conduct is either
consistent with justice and Christianity, or adapted to the
safety of a nation ! And if he pursues this course on the
principle, that the good of his country requires it, how evi-
dent it is that he does evil that good may come !

But are the rulers of Great Britain alone In this atrocious
mode of making and employing troops ? No ; all the nations
of Christendom are covered with this reproach. Even the
Amercian government can boast of 12,000 of tlieir country-
men who have become victims to this inhuman policy ', — yes,
12,000, exclusive of the thousands who are enslaved in our
ships of war. These unhappy men, it may be presumed, are
in the way to become rivals with the " best troops," in all
their exploits, in all their depravity, in all their crimes.

Those who are disposed to plead for such a manner of ed-
ucating men for the defence of their country, or to justify
this mode of depriving one class of a community of their nat-
ural rights and converting them into machines for the de-
fence of another, would do well to reflect on the following
passage from Dr. Johnson : —

" Man cannot so far know the connexion of causes and
events, as that he may venture to do wrong in order to do

Vol, II, JVb. 6. 2

right. When we pui^feue an end by lawful means, we may
always console our miscarriage by the hope of future recom-
pense. "When we consult only our own policy, and attempt
to find a nearer way to good by overleaping the settled
boundary of right and wrong, we cannot be hapi)y even by
success, because we cannot escape the consciousness of our
fault ; but if we miscarry, the disappointment is irremediably
embittered." — Rasselast p. 126.

In writing on the " annual waste of human life," by tbe
idolatrous customs of India, Dr. Buchanan observes — " Every
friend of humanity must often be putting the question, Is
this scene to continue for ever ? Can there be no melioration
of human existence in India ? Are there no means of miti-
gating the anguish of reflection in England, when we consid-
er tha^he desolations of Juggernaut exist under our govern-
ment ? Yes, there are means."

This humane and pathetic language is applicable to the
«« waste of human life" in Christian countries, and to the
dreadful effects of military education. Christian nations
have their Juggernaut, as well as the natives of India j and
« the desolations of Juggernaut exist under our government,
and under every government in Christendom. Human sac-
rifices are offered to Ambition, Avarice and Revenge ; and
men are educated in vice for victims to these abominable
idols.

" EDUCATION ACTING UPON HUMAN CHAEACTEE."

« New Orleans, April 23 (1819.) This day an officer of the U. S. army,
in attempting to arrest a deserter in the street, fired and killed him. The
public indignation was so roused by this and other events of the kind, that
a serious tumult and much bloodshed was expected, but which jdelded to
the sober advice of the magistrate."

" Col. King being in command at Pensacola, his discipline was severe ;
it was a critical situation for a man of more mind and experience than that
gentleman. — —He issued an order for the pursuit of deserters, and by
way of prevention or example, that whenever they were overtaken they
should be shot. A private of the name of Neal Cameron deserted ; a par-
ty under Sergeant Childers was sent in pursuit of him, overtook him, and
sftot him, 17 miles from Pensacola.'*

The foregoing passages were copied from other papers
into the Columbian Centinel of May 29, 1819. The account
of Col. King was from the Aurora. The Editor of that
paper disapproved the severity of the Colonel j yet he apol-
ogized for it by observing, — "This is education acting upon
human chai'acter, not crime."

We are. ready to admit that a military education tends to
produce such a character and such fruits. In this manner
all the atrocities of military men find apologists. It seems
not to be expected of them that they will govern their con-
duct eitlier by the precepts of religion and humanity, or the
laws of civilized society. Deeds at which " humanity shud-
ders," are regarded as things of course, and imputed either
to tlieir " education," their « patriotism," their " gallantry,"
or their zeal for public good. This being the case, the fol-
lowing inquiries uaturally result.

First, If such be the genuine fruits of a military educa-
tion, how can Christian parents consent to have their chil-
dren trained up to military habits?

Second, If it is to be expected of military men that they
will thus violate the laws of God and their country, and act
the part of merciless tyrants towards such as happen to be
under their control, — what shall be said of the consistency
or the safety of such an education under a free or repub-
lican government? Or what shall we say of those laws and
usages which subject nearly 20,000 of our countrymen to the
ferocity and horrors of a military or naval despotism ?

Third. If the plea of the Aurora is to be admitted in res-
pect to the atrocities of military officers^ why should it not be
extended to the crimes of private soldiers, to exculpate them
from tlie penalties of the law ? Why should it not also be
extended for the benefit of such highwaymen and pirates, as
were ruined by previous education in armies or ships of war ?
When their abominable deeds are brought to light, why do
we not hear the apology, *' This is education acting on hu-
man character, not crime ?" It is not long since our news
papers were filled with accounts of the murder of an q^cer

by a soldier. " This was education acting on Iiuinan char-
acter,'* still it was deemed a " crime,*^ and the soldier was
hanged.

One of two tilings must unquestionably occur in our coun-
try— either war and military establishments will lose their
present reputation, or the inhabitants of the United States
will lose their present liberties, and cease to be a free people.
" Aj'ms and laws do not flourish together."

The same may he said of arms and liberty. To whatever
extent arms prevail and govern, liberty is subverted. It has
been so in other countries ; it will be so in this.

PRECAUTIONS IF CONTAGIOUS IE VERS. ^

An article with this title appeared in a Boston paper, cop-
ied from the Edinburgh Review^ — in which several precau-
tions were recommended. As one of great importance it
was proposed," That certain individuals in every town should
erect themselves into an Association for the suppression of
Fever. Their number should be according to the populous-
ness of the district which their exertions are meant to protect ;
and in other respects tliey should be men of diligence and in-
telligence. The Association should comprise one or more
magistrates of the place to which he belongs. Above all, it
should comprehend the clergy of every denomination j be-
cause, from their character and stations, tiiey have great in-
fluence over the poor."

In modern times great exertions have been made to im-
prove the science of Medicine — to ascertain the causes of

* This article appeared in the Columbian Centinel, October 2, 1819 ;
but we understand that it was originally intended for the Friend of Peace ;
and that it w^as first published in the Centinel on the supposition, that the
alarm in several parts of the country, on account of malignant Fevers,
might excite some attention to the analogies contained in the article.
There were some typographical errors in publishing it in the Centinel %
these, by the desire of the author, we have endeavoured to correct.

malignant, epidemic, and contagious diseases, and the best
means for preventing or avoiding them, as well as the best
remedies in case of attack. We admire the philanthropy
which engages men in these inquiries, and disposes them to
publish the fruits of tlieir researches for the benefit of society
and the preservation of human life.

But why is it so ? Why do we not hear these philosophic
Physicians reproached as fanatics, as opposers of Providence
and the laws of nature ? Disease and death, it may be said,
have occured in all past ages, in the present age, and they
will occur in ages to come, notwitlistanding all these inqui-
ries, precautions, and efforts. Of what use is it then to ascer-
tain their causes, or to prescribe preventives and remedies ?
Such is the way that some men argue against the exertions of
Peace Societies for the suppression of war. Why not adopt
the same mode of reasoning against Medical Societies,
Boards of Health, and all Associations for the Suppression of
Fever.

Against Peace Societies it is also urged, that wars are not
only necessary, but useful, as means of preventing such an
excess of population as would expose men to perish by fa-
mine, and as they take off many idle and vicious characters.
Now this reasoning — or rather this inhuman nonsense — may
l>e urged against Medical Associations, the whole practice
of physic, and all means for preventing the ravages of dis-
ease. If physicians and i>hilanthropists would tiiscontinue
their efforts to prevent or heal diseases, people would proba-
bly die off so fast as to preclude the necessity of their killing
one another to avoid an excess of population ; and by merely
neglecting to aid the idle and the vicious, when sick or in
want, many of them would soon be taken off, and cease to
be a burden to society. Perhaps this course would be as
wise and humane, as to produce the same results by war,
violence, and murder.

But if Christians have become so far enlightened, as to
perceive a propriety in using means to prevent or heal diseas-
es, and in forming Associations or Boards of Health,— let

it be known^ that war is a disease, a contagious and malig-
nant fever, which has killed its hundreds of millions of our
race — which has sometimes nearly depopulated whole coun-
tries, and is annually destroying its tens of thousands of our
brethren. This fever is ever accompanied with delirium
or madness j and from the inflammatory breath of one Cesar
or Napoleon, whole nations may become infected.

Let it also be understood, that there is much more encour-
agement to use means for preventing war, than any other
fever of the malignant kind ; because it depends more on
the opinions and dispositions of men ; consequently, it is
more subject to human control. Its causes are also better
understood, and efficacious preventives or remedies may
with greater certainty be prescribed.

If such frequent and extensive ravages had been made by
any natural disease, as liave been made by war, and if it
could be shown that the malady might be exterminated and
its recurrence prevented by the united exertions of men,
— who would hesitate to approve and recommend such exer-
tions? Nay, what would bethought of the man who should
ridtiiule or oppose a proposition so benevolent ! — Since then
it is absolutely certain that war is but « a voluntary plague,"
as subject to human control as any custom that can be nam-
ed, why should there be any hesitation or reluctance, as to
recommending a united and universal effort for its abolition ?

Writers on other fevers tell us, that they may be account-
ed for by predisposing and exciting causes. These causes
they attempt to ascertain and define ; and, to prevent the
prevalence of fevers, people are exhorted to remove or avoid
the natural causes. By enlightened minds this course is
deemed rational. But, in regard to the war fever, a directly
opposite course has been pursued. The predisposing and
exciting causes of tliis tremendous evil are resorted to as the
best means of preventing its recurrence. How preposter-
ous ! How fatal this delusion ! Yet this has been adopted

and reduced to system in all the countries of Christendom ;
and in support of this system, the greater portion of the rev-
enues of every government has been expended.

It is however to be observed, that the progress of truth is
alow. Within a century great changes and improvements
have been made in the modes of treating other fevers. Ma-
ny of the methods of practice wliich were popular but fifty
years ago are now discarded as absurd and of a baneful ten-
dency— as better adapted to destroy than to save ; — and
many things which are adopted in modern practice, had they
been proposed at a former period, would have been exploded
as means of death. Hence we derive a hope, that great
improvements will yet be made in respect to the most malig-
nant and fatal of all fevers ; and that the time is approach-
ing, when the popular remedies and preventives will be
something more rational, than the predisposing and exciting
causes of this terrible and desolating scourge.

"We would therefore improve on the plan suggested in the
Edinburgh Review, and recommend, ** that certain individu-
als in every town or county should erect themselves into an
Association for the suppression of Fever" — the war Fever in
particular i — ^that the Associations should comprise the magis-
trates, the ministers, and all the men of intelligence, of every
denomination ', — ^that these Associations, when formed, should
regard it as their duty to call the attention of all their fellow
citizens to the nature and effects of war — to its predisposing
and exciting causes, and to the proper means for banishing
it from the world.

A SERIOUS DirFICUlTY PROPOSED POR SOLUTION.

For the Friend of Peace.

The writer of this article was a soldier in the revolutiona-
ry war, and served a number of campaigns. — For many
years, subsequent to the war, he equipped himself or his sons
for militia trainings, without any conscientious scruples
respecting the propriety of such measures. He was then a
believer in the doctrine, «That to be well prepared for
war, is the surest method to preserve peace." But on ma-
ture reflection he is fully convinced, that war is not only

repugnant to the preccpLs of the gospel, but inconsistent with
sound policy. He now has not the smallest doubt, that a
trifling expense, judiciously applied to promote pacific prin-
ciples, would do more to preserve peace, than millions expend-
ed in preparations for war.

Such are his present views ; — at the same time he earnest-
ly desires to demean himself as a peaceable citizen, by duly
regarding the laws of the land. Though by the lapse of time
he is freed from obligations to equip himself for training,
and some of his sons are of age to act and provide for them-
selves ; yet he has still other sons who are minors. By the
laws of the land he is required to equip them for military
purposes, and liable to penalties, if he shall decline or refuse.
Now what shall he do ? After being convinced that war is
both antichristian and impolitic, his attention was excited to
military preparations, such as trainings and public musters
or reviews 5 and the conclusion seemed unavoidable, that if
war is unchristian, trainings ahd other preparations must be
far worse than merely useless. The expense incurred by
them is enough to astonish almost any one who has not made
calculations respecting it.

But this is not all. Many lives have been lost on such
occasions ; many have been wounded and made cripples for
the remainder of their days, and thereby distress has been
brought on themselves and their relations. And alas ! who
that duly considers the intemperance, the profanity, the con-
tentions, and other immoralities resulting from these train-
ings, will not shudder ! After all, what is their use ? Are
they not in fact scliools and nurseries of war ? Should the
nations of the earth renounce war and be governed by the
principles of peace, would not military trainings die of
course ? If so, what individual, who is convinced of the
evils of war, and disposed to adhere to the principles of
peace, can consistently equip himself or his sons for military
parades ? Can any Christian consistently encourage a prac-
tice, which he verily believes has a tendency both to multiply
moral evils and to produce the very calamities which it is

professedly intended to prevent ? If he sincerely believes
that war is murder, can he consistently do that which, in his
opinion, tends to produce war ? Thus the writer has at-
tempted fairly to state his difficulty. As it is his desire to
live peaceably with all men and to conform to the laws of his
country, so far as he can without violating his own con-
science, he earnestly invites the friends of peace to delibe-
rate, take advice, and speak their minds.

A Revolutionaky Soldier,

N. B. The case of our correspondent will naturally ex-
cite the compassion of benevolent and enlightened men. He
however is not alone in this difficulty. Thousands of others
are sufferers with him. We hope they will conduct with
prudence, and bear the trial with christian meekness and
magnanimity, till it shall be better understood, that "the
predisposing and excising causes" of the war fever, are not
the best means for avoiding its evils.

EEVIEW OP A SCALE OF GLORY.

" Let me now say a word of the services of the man whom it is proposed

to disgrace. —Let us compare his victory over the Creeks with other

victories obtained over a similar enemy, and. recorded in our history.
When Sullivan advanced to avenge the massacres of Wyoming, excited by
British agents and perpetrated by Indians and traitors, he commanded
5000 men, and found 800 Indians posted behind a breastwork with a river
in their rear : a battle ensued ; the Indians were beaten, and left eleven
men dead on the field of battle. At Point Pleasant, wliere tlie Indians
were defeated — where a Lewis commanded and a Lewis fell, they left
eighteen of their warriors dead on the field of battle. V/hen Wayne, after
years of preparation, gained the victory over tKe Indians of the North
West, they left tiventy of their number dead on the field of battle. At
Tippacanoe the Indians were defeated, and their loss so considerable that
they left more than thirty warriors on the field of battle.

•* Jackson marched against the Creeks ; he found them in considerable

force and defended by woi-ks ; those works he stormed, defeated them,

and killjed eight hundred of their bravest warriors in a single battle.

Thus he gained a victory unparalleled ,in Indian warfare, and acquired

VoLILm, 6. 3

for tJie United States the extensive, beautiful, and valuable country, of
which you see a map suspended near you, — a small part of which country
you sold tire last year for ten millions of dollars."

Hon. Mr. Smi'th's Speech in Congress.

On the ground of this " victory over the Creeks, and his
victory at New Orleans/' Mr. Smyth pronounces General
Jackson « an officer whose achievements are unparalleled
in ancient or in modern times," as " far the foremost of our
heroes ;" and he would have it understood, tliat ♦< to tarnish
the character" of this man, " is to tarnish the glory of the na-
tion."

What a Gothic scale of glory this gentleman has exhibited
to a Christian community ! If we understand his mode of
calculation, and the object of his comparisons, he would have
it believed that, iu wars with the Indians, the General's
glory is in proportion to the number of men he causes to be
slaughtered. While, therefore, General Sullivan has « elev-
en" degrees of glory, Lewis « eighteen," Wayne " twenty,"
and Harrison something « more than thirty," General Jack-
son ascends at once to the " unparalleled" height of " eight
HUNDRED," and becomes in a supsreminenl degree « the glo-
ry of the nation !"

But are Christians of this country to be forever the dupes of
such sanguinary principles ? Will they in future times esti-
mate the glory of a man by the number of Indians he has
butchered ? Will their eyes be most dazzled or delighted
with those laurels which have been most deeply stained with
blood ? " God forbid !" Forbid it, reason, humanity, and re-
ligion ! Forbid it, ye friends of peace of every name !

If we were disposed to plead for the necessity and lawful-
ness of public war in " extreme cases," still humanity would
compel us to do all in our power to reverse the scale of
glory proposed by Mr. Smyth. We should say, that he
who defends his country with the least sacrifice of human
life, or accomplishes the object of a military enterprize with
the least injury to a misguided and unfortunate enemy, is
entitled to the greater share of renown. How much more
glorious was the exploit of Washington in capturing 900

Hessions with little bloodshed, than if he had destroyed the
whole number, as General Jackson did his 800 Indians !

If the glory of a warrior is in proportion to the number
he causes to be slain, to what an astonishing height does
Bellisarius rise in the temple of fame ! This exterminating
barbarian invaded and desolated Africa. Procopius says,
" Africa was so entirely dispeopled that one might travel sev-
eral days in it without meeting one man ; and it is no exag-
geration to say, that in the course of the war Jive millions per-
ished."

Do our countrymen wish for a Bellisarius to complete the
extermination of the Indians ? If they do, Mr. Smyth's scale
of glory is adapted to their purpose. If they do not, let them
learn to prefer a humane policy to that of cruelty and re-
venge.

But General Jackson " acquired for the United States the

extensive, beautiful, and valuble country a small part of

which was sold the last year for ten millions of dollars,'* — Was
this acquisition the motive as well as the effect of the war on
the Creeks ? With many we fear it was. But is the acqui-
sition of such a country, by the slaughter of 800 Indians, a
matter for triumph to a Christian people ! or to a govern-
ment which boasts of its justice and magnanimity ! Can
any man of intelligence doubt, that by a judicious and pacific
use of even five millions of dollars, the whole of that exten-
sive country might have been acquired by negotiation, the war
prevented, and a permanent peace secured with the Creeks?
Will not then posterity blush and weep on reading the speeches
in Congress, to find that there were, in tliis age, men of un-
questionable talents, who could boast of lands, acquired by
the barbarous slaughter of 800 Indians ?

That General Jackson is a man of great intrepidity and
energy of character we ^cadily admit. So was William
Penn. But what a contrast ! Had the extraordinary ener-
gies of Gen. Jackson, like those of Governor Penn, been ex-
erted to preserve peace and to prevent war with the Indians,
he would have been the admiration of the just and humane.

not only of this country and this age, but of every country in
ages yet to come.

Tliat the " Devil is the author of all wars" was the opin-
ion of early Christians. If this be correct, and the scale of
glory be admissible, which has been reviewed, will it not fol-
low of course, that the great Destroyer of men is the glory of
Christendom,— that he, who was a «« murderer from the be-
ginning," is worthy of more honor and praise, than the benev-
olent Messiah, who " came not to destroy men's lives, but to
save them ?" And is not the popular scale of glory complete-
ly adapted to bring into contempt the meek and forgiving
spirit of the Saviour — to lead men to despise both his pre-
cepts and examples, to become worshippers of Odin rather
than the Father of mercies, — and to cherish dispositions the
reverse of those to whicli the bliss of heaven is promised in the
gospel ?

SKETCHES OF THE PIRATICAL BUCANEERS.

« Before the English had made any settlements at Jamai-
ca, and the French at St. Domingo, some pirates from botli
nations, who have since been distinguished by the name of
Bucaneers, had driven the Spaniards out of the small island
of Tortuga, and fortifying themselves there, had, with an
amazing intrepidity, made excursions against ihe common
enemy," the Spaniards. — " They thought the cruelties the
latter had exercised on the New World," or the natives of
South America — "justified the most implacable aversion they
had sworn against them."

They were so intrepid, so successful, and so terrible in their
depredations, that " the Spaniards, who trembled at the ap-
proach of the Bucaneers, — whom they called devils, imme-
diately surrendered." This course was pursued by this
plundering society, till the Spaniards were disheartened, and,
in a great measure, gave up the business of navigation in
those regions. The Bucaneers " no sooner found their cap?

tures begin to diminish, than they determined to recover by
land what they had lost at sea. The richest and most pop-
ulous countries of the continent" of South America " were
plundered and laid waste. The culture of lands was equal-
ly neglected with navigation, and the Spaniards dared no
more appear in the public roads, than sail in the latitudes
which belonged to them."

Accessions were made from year to year to the number of
Bucaneers, of men of the most ferocious and desperate char-
acter. The distress occasioned by them, and the amount of
their plunder, was great indeed. Among their most distin-
guished leaders were Montbar, Michael de Basco, and
Morgan. *« The Spaniards suffered so much from Montbar,
by sea and land, that he acquired the name of the ExUr-
minntor,"

We are now to notice some other traits of character ia
these Bucaneers — « Such were their principles of justice and
religion, that whenever they embarked on any expedition,
they used to pray to Heaven for the success of it ; and they
never came back from the plunder, but they constantly re-
turned thanks to God for their victory," — What a religious
people !

" Such brave men among them, as had been maimed in
any of their expeditions, were first provided for. If they had
lost a hand, an arm, or a leg, or a foot, they received 261.
An eye, a finger, or a toe, lost in fight, was valued at only
half the above sum. The wounded were allowed 2s, 6d. a
day for two months to enable them to have their wounds ta-
ken care of."

*< After this act of justice and humanity, the remainder of
the booty was divided into-as many shares, as there were
Bucaneers. — Every share was determined by lot. Instan-
ces of such rigid justice are seldom to be met with, and they
extended even to the dead. Their shares were given to those
who were known to be their companions when alive. If the
person who had been killed had no intimate, his part was
sent to Ma relations, when they were known. If there were

no friends or relations, it was distribated in charity to the
poor and to churches, who were to pray for the person in
wliose names the benefactions were given."

When they took Maracaybo, *•' tliey carried off all the
crosses, pictures, and bells of the churches, intending, as they
said, to build a chapel in Tortuga, and to consecrate this part
of their spoils to sacred uses."

Ths duration of this society is not mentioned in the Ency-
clopedia, from which these extracts have been taken. But
if the several dates which are given are correct, the society
must probably have existed during the whole of the seven-
teenth century. In " 1603" they pillaged the city of Vera
Cruz, which was after they had driven the Spaniards from
the Ocean ; and it was not till " 1697" that they plundered
Carthagena.

We have now before us a series of facts from which con-
siderable instruction may be derived respecting the character
of public war.

These Bucaneers established an independent community,
adopted a democratic form of government, and elected their
own chiefs or rulers. These rulers obtained their offices as
honorably as those who acquire dominion by the sword j
and, when elected, they had as good a right to make war and
invade the rights of others, as any Emperor, King, or Pres-
ident. For in every case, what is called the right of mak-
ing war is a mere assumption of power to which no man or
body of men has any just claim, unless it be derived from a
divine commission, or if the right does otherwise exist, it is
common to every community, whether great or small, and
to every man, whether high or low.

A more brave and daring class of men than the Bucaneers
perhaps never traversed the ocean or the land. Montbar,
Basco, and Morgan would not, we believe, suffer in compari-
son with Alexander the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte, and
Gen. Jackson ; and if bravery in fighting is the great excel-
lence of the human character, the Bucaneers must be allow-
ed a forward seat in the temple of fame.

These brave warriors by force of arrrns took possession of
Tortuga, and erected fortifications. This, however, was
only imitating the examples of the Spaniards, the French,
the English, and a long list of other nations.

The Bucaneers made depredations on private property as
well as on public, and often robbed and killed those who had
done them no harm : they captured, plundered, and destroy-
ed vessels at sea ; they pillaged and depopulated cities, — and
they sometimes murdered captives, and burnt towns, or
villages. For all these atrocities, they had numerous ex-
amples in the conduct o^ celebrated conquerors, and the rulers
of Christian nations.

On account of their terrible character the Bucaneers were
by the Spaniards denominated *• dew/s,'* and one of their
chiefs was called the " Exterminator." But they were no
more deserving of the name of devils, than the Spaniards who
conquered South America; and Cortes was as truly an
« Exterminator" as Montbar. Indeed all nations act the
part of devils or tormentors when engaged in war ; and per-
haps every country can boast of having produced, nourished,
and extolled as much as one " Exterminator."

In dividing their spoils, the Bucaneers were very precise,
and in some respects singular. A chief claimed only an
equal share with a common seaman. Sometimes, however,
when he had greatly distinguished himself by |jis exploits, he
was allowed two or three shares j but this depended wholly on
the pleasure of the crew. In this there was perhaps as much
equity as in the Christian modes of dividing the fruits of vi-
olence and robbery.

The care of those celebrated pirates in providing for their
maimed and wounded, and in allowing the shares of the slain
to go to their friends or relations, has not probably been sur-
passed by any class of privateersmen, or other Christian dep-
redators.

Their customs of praying to God for assistance in their
horrible enterprises — of giving thanks for their inhuman
conquests, and of devoting a part of their plunder to sacred

nses, were all borrowed from the examples of Christian ru-
lers. They had been taught by Christians to associate
prayer and thanksgiving, with fighting, robbery, and man-
slaughter.

It will doubtless be admitted by Christians in general, that
the conduct of the Bucaneers was unjust and abominable j
that they were under the influence of " strong delusions" in
supposing that God could approve their wars, or be pleased
with their bloody prayers, thanksgivings, and offerings.
But wliat do we find in any part of their conduct more un-
just or more inconsistent, than the conduct of Christian na-
tions in time of war ? What was done by these pirates
which they did not learn in the common war schools, or de-
rive from the examples of Christian rulers ? "What kind of
deeds or exploits did they perform which had not been by
Christians a thousand times perpetrated, and asoften eulogiz-
ed as just and glorious ? What did they do in the seven-
teenth century, which was worse than hundreds of similar
deeds which have been both done and applauded by Chris-
tian rulers in the nineteenth century ?

In what respect is it a less evil for innocent men to be
robbed, to have their habitations consumed, or to be killed,
by order of an Emperor, a King, a President, or any other
Ruler or General, than to suffer the same injuries by order
of a piratical Chief? And why is it less shocking to asso-
ciate prayers and thanksgivings to God with such fl^agrant
acts of violence and injustice in the former case, than in the
latter ? — If the Bucaneers were deluded in supposing that
their conduct could be approved by the Father of mercies,
so it may have been with all Christian nations, who have
gloried in their war exploits and associated with them the
forms of a benevolent religion.

It is hoped, that these remarks will have at least so much
influence on the minds of Christians in this couutry, as to in-
duce them to reflect on the character of privateering, and
all the modes of maritime depredation, which have been sanc-
tioned by Christian nations. Were it not for the evidence

which exists that war, in all its branches, is ever accompanied
with delusion and gross moral blindness, would it not be won-
derful that Christians should have so long and so uniform-
ly censured the conduct of Bucaneers, Algerines, and unau-
thorized pirates, without reflecting on their own customs, and
becoming convinced that all the maritime powers of Chris-
tendom are truly chargeable with just such acts of rapine,
violence, and injustice, as they condemn in others ? To
every ruler who censures the Bucaneers and still practises or
authorizes privateering, or depredation on the property of
the innocent, with what force does the following language ap-
ply ! « Thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou
steal ?'* — " And thinkest thou this, 0 man, that judgest
them that do such things, and dost the same, that thou shalt
escape the judgment of God ?"

In the foregoing comparisons it has not been our aim to
insinuate, thatthere have been no better men in the warring na-
tions of Christendom than among the Bucaneers. The contrary
we readily admit. Still we are deeply impressed with a -be-
lief, that even good men in general have been grossly delud-
ed by the influence of custom respecting the character of
public war and those acts of rapine and injustice which are
its never failing concomitants ; — that they have also been mis-
taken in supposing that rulers have a right to make war on
innocent subjects for the alleged offences of their rulers,
and to sacrifice thousands of their own people in projects of
ambition or revenge. We are also fully convinced that,
during the last thousand years, in by far the greater number
of conflicts between Christian nations, and between tliem
and other people, the principal agents in producing and
conducting these wars, have been men of no better disposi-
tions or principles than the Bucaneers, and that they really
deserve no higher standing in public estimation.

« I admit," said an Indian Chief, " that there are good white
men, but they bear no proportion to the bad 5 the bad must

Vol, U. JVo, 6 4

be the strongest, for they rule."* There has been too mucb
ground for applying this remark to Christian nations in gen-
eral, and in this way we may account for their innumerable
wars.

ATROCITIES AM,OWED IN WAR.

From Mr. Fuller's speech in Congress on the Seminole war.

" Many barbarous practices are still allowed in war, which are not con.
duciye to effect its objects, and are, therefore, mere abuses of military
power. A garrison taken by assault may be put to the sword ; a city taken
by storm may be pillaged, and the inhabitants consigned to the fury of an
unbridled soldiery. Nothing can be more abominable in the sight of God
and man — nothing more completely wanton and unnecessary. It is not
yet settled that a commander of a fortress, who bravely defends it to the
last extremity, may not be put to death by his conquerors, for his cour-
age and fidelity

" The execution of spies is universally admitted in the code of civiliz-
ed war. The case of Andre is in point ; none have ventured to censure
his execution, who have admitted that he was a spy. — Our great and hu-
mahe Commander g;ive him over to eicecution, no doubt, with great reluc-
tance, in consideration of his uncommonly interesting character : but he
seemed to consider the sacrifice of the victim as necessary for the preser-
vation of the army. I must be permitted to say, Mr. Chairman, that I
deeply regret the execution of Andre. If he had been an ordinary man,
I should still have regretted it. The preservation of any army cannot in
any degree depend on the punishment of spies; for the danger of this
fate will never deter officers and soldiers, and even those of the most es-
tablished courage and honor, from engaging in this service. It is not
considered immoral or dishonorable, and, therefore, the extreme danger
incurred increases the merit, and the honor, and -the reward of success.
Hence, it is demonstrable that, to treat captured spies like ordinary
prisoners of war, would not increase their number, nor the danger of any
army from their enterprises. — Let us then examine, without fear, any ex-
isting practice which militates against the rights of humanity, and, when-
ever it shall be found substantially unnecessary, let us boldly explode it,
and not doubt that our example will be approved and adopted by other
nations."

It is gratifying to find members of Congress possessing so
much independence, reflection, and magnanimity, as to call
in question the principles and usages of war. The *< many

* Historical Account of the Indian Nations, p. 64.

barbarous practices" which <« are still allowed in war** among
professed Christians are a reproach to our species. Those
which were named by Mr. Fuller are truly barbarous, and
the list might have been greatly erdarged. Indeed it is diflS-
cnlt to mention any branch or usage of war, which is not bar-
barous. There are some noble and generous actions occa-
sionally performed by men engaged in war. But, generally
speaking, war is barbarous in its origin, and in its progress
— in its motives, its principles, its usages, and its results. It
is made and conducted, even by professed Christians, on the
principles of barbarity but little modified, and not on the prin-
ciples either of religion, civilization, or humanity. In its least
barbarous forms it calls on men to engage in mortal combat,
who have no Cause to be oflFended with each other; and it
sacrifices the innocent for crimes, or pretended crimes, of
which they were not the agents. Such a custom must be
barbarity in its very essence.

The last sentence which we have quoted from Mr. Fuller's
speech is truly admirable : — « Let us then examine, without
fear, any existing practice which militates against the rights
of humanity, and whenever it shall be found substantially
unnecessary, let us boldly explode it, and not doubt that
our example will be approved and adopted by other na-
tions."

This philanthropic gentleman has opened a spacious field
for inquiry, which perhaps we shall in future Numbers
more fully explore. In this place we would call the attention
of our fellow citizens to one « practice" only, in addition to
those mentioned by Mr. Fuller: —

Does not the « existing practice" of privateering and mari-
time depredation on unarmed vessels in time of war, not
only " militate against the rights of humanity," but against
the claims of justice and the laws of Heaven ? And is not
this practice »* substantially unnecessary," a wanton, as well
as unjust invasion of the rights of the innocent ? If so, *• let
us boldly explode it, and not doubt that our example will be
approved and adopted by other nations."

LETTER FEOM THE HON, ElIAS BOUDINOT.

Burlington f July 21, 1819.

Reverend and Dear Sir,

I CAiv scarcely find language to acknowledge in a suitable
manner your very polite and flattering letter of the 35th ul-
timo.

The elegant manner in which you communicate the unde-
served attention of your respectable Society, and the unex-
pected honor they have done me, by appointing;" me an honor-
ary member, fills me with gratitude and respect.

I should have immediately answered your letter, but my
very infirm state of body and mind prevents me from doing
what would be both duty and pleasure, as I could wish.

My great age and weakness leave me but little hope of
aiding the Society, but by the most cordial and hearty ap-
probation of their labours of love to the great family of man-
kind. So long a confinement as I have suffered has prevent-
ed my taking a part in this all-important union of Ameri-
cans for the real happiness of the world. I acknowledge it
a most delicate as well as invaluable subject, which at the
first blush appears big with insuperable difficulties suf-
ficient to appal the stoutest heart ', though unhappily they
arise from the abominable and inhuman practices of those
who call themselve the children of one universal Parent, the
constant expectants of death and judgment. — Indeed it is a
most melancholy consideration, that even the civilized, and
.1 may almost justly say the christianized world from the be-
ginning, should have adopted and still continue to adopt the
military life as an object of eager desire, and do not shrink
back from educating the rising generation in the love of war
and strife, and cease not to instil into the youthful mind, that
it is highly honorable to shed a brother's blood. It is with
pain tliat we see at the present moment whole communities,
nay, even respectable cities, who, disregarding their christian
character, do not discountenance, but highly, applaud and
reward, with public honors and emoluments, those who are
foremost in and best calculated for butchering their fellow heirs
of immortality.

Our own country, after all our boasting and great cYperi-
ence, are not free from this dreadful contagion. Schools are
forming throughout our land, to rear up children in the
knowledge and love of arms. — The wilderness for thousands
of miles is explored for the purpose of building forts and
places of military strength, at a most intolerable expense,—
for carrying on a spirit of avarice and speculation, influence
and patronage ; and not the least among the rest, to aid in
extirpating the only true and absolute proprietors and lords
of the soil, from that inheritance which God in his mercy
has provided for them.

The present mania for another Indian, if not foreign war,
ought to be higlily alarming to the people of the United States,
and if no other obstacle can be raised against so great an
evil, at least the ardent prayer of every christian should be
incessant at the throne of grace, and join as one man in that
earnest petition, « Give Peace in our time, 0 Lord,"

I have great confidence in him, who is King of kings
and Lord of lords, that the time is drawing nigh, (though much
distress must first come,) when all the nations of the earth
shall beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears in-
to pruning hooks, and the earth shall be covered with the
knowledge of God, as the waters cover the seas, and every na-
tion, language, and tongue shall hail the coming Immanuel.

Present me, dear Sir, in the most respectful manner, to your
worthy Society, and believe me to be with great esteem and
the most fervent prayer for their sucecss.
Reverend and Dear Sir,

Yours most affectionately,

ELIAS BOUDINOT.

Note. The foregoing letter will command the respectful
attention of the serious and benevolent Christian. Dr. Bou-
diuot is so well known, that it is hardly necessary to re-
mark, that he was once the President of the American Con-
gress, the highest officer then in the United States ; that
he has been the President of the American Bible Society,

from its first organization ; that he has long been distin>
guished and revered for his philanthropy and piety ; that
he is far advanced in years, and now, as from the bor-
ders of the grave, he expresses his sentiments in relation
to war, and the objects of Peace Societies. Those who
are disposed to glory in war, and to deride the efforts for
its abolition, would perhaps do well, severally to put the
following questions to their own consciences : — Have I a bet-
ter claim to the character of a true Patriot, a genuine Phi-
lanthropist, a real Christian, a wise and good man, than the
venerable Elias Boudinot ? May it not be imputed to a de-
fect in me of that love which secketh the good of all and
worketh no ill to its neiglibour, or to the neglect of due re-
flection, that I have been disposed to apply the names of pat-
riotism, virtue, and glory, to the spirit of military ambition,
hatred, revenge, and war ?

N. B. After the preceding letter and remarJss were in type, the News-
papers announced the death of Dr. Boudinot. While we condole vrith his
numerous frieads and the friends of humanity and religion, on the remov-
al of this distinguished and excellent Christian, we rejoice tliat the sol-
emn event was delayed till lie had given, as a djing man, his impressive
testimony on the subject of war. For " by it he, being dead, yet speaketh,'*
and will long continue to speak ; and we cherish the hope that many
thousands will profit by his admonitions.

It was not intended to publish any part of the letter which occasioned
the one from Dr. Boudinot ; but as it contained an allusion to the expect-
ed event, which has now occurred, perhaps it is not improper to insert
the following extract, which was the last paragraph:—

** From the Catalogue and other pamphlets which I shall send, you may
learn the character and objects of the Society that has elected you an
Honorary Member. It is sincerely hoped that this testimony of respect
will not be unacceptable to you in the decline of life : and you may rest
assured, that, when you shall have bid adieu to this warring world, many of
the members of the Alassachusetts Peace Society will derive pleasure
from a belief, that another of their brethren, who had ' served his gener-
ation by the will of God,* has been admitted to the regions of undisturbed
and everlasting peace."

While the unreflecting multitude bestow their wanton adulations on prq-
fane duellists and bloodstained butchers of their specie?;, let it be tlie care
of Christians to admire and imitate the virtues of the friend of God and
man— the image of the Prince of peace.

BETTER TEOM THE HOK» MR. JEFFERSON.

SIR, MonticellOf October 1, '19.

I have duly received the memorial you have been so ki«tl
as to fdrward me, with the letter of September 20, desiring
my opinion on the proposition to suppress privateering in
time of war- Of that, my opinion is recorded in the 4th ar-
ticle ct the instructions of Congress of May 7, 1784, to their
ministers commissioned to enter into treaties of amity and
commerce with the several powers of Europe, which were
drawn by me while in Congress ; and in the treaty with
Prussia, quoted by you, which I drew also, as one of those
commissioners : but the suggestion was originally from Dr.
Franklin. But there is a time for man to retire from the
business of the world, when he should suspect his declining
faculties, and cease to trust and expose them. That time is
come with me ; feebleness of body and relaxation of mind
ad) onish me to seek repose, and to retire from all public
concerns, which I have accordingly done for years. I leave
cheerfully to the existing generation measures which are to
affect themselves alone, and I am sure they will he wisely
directed. 1 must be permitted therefore to decline giving
any new opinion on this subject for the public, who, without
such presumption in me, will know well what to do with it ;
assuring you at the same time of my high respect and con-
sideration.

TH : JEFFERSON.

P. S. As the Instructions are not in the printed journals,
I inclose you an extract of that article from an authenticated
copy in my hands, dated May 7, 1784, a year earlier than
the letter quoted in the memorial*, and from a still earlier
suggestion of Dr. Franklin, either to congress or otherwise,
which I do not recollect.

vir*. 4th of the instructions of Congress May 7, 1784, to the ministers
Plenipotentiary of the United States, at the Court of Versailles for treaties
with the several powers of Europe.

*« That it be proposed, though not indispensably required, that if war
should hereafter arise between the two contracting parties, the merchants
of either coiuitry then residing in the other shall be allowed to remain nine
months to collect their debts and settle their affairs, and may depart free-
ly,* carrying off all their effects without molestation or hindrance : and all
fishermen, all cultivators of the earth, and all citizens or manufacturers, un-
armed and inhabiting' unfortified towns, villages, or places, who labour
for the common subsistence and benefit of mankind and peaceably follow-
ing their respective employments, shall be allowed to continue the same*
and shall not be molested by the armed force of the enemy, in whose pow-
er by the events of war they may happen to fall ; but if any thing is nec-
essary to be taken from them for the use of such armed force, the same
shall be paid for at a reasonable price : and all merchants and traders
exchanging the products of different places, and thereby rendering the
necessaries, conveniences, and comforts of human life more easy to obtain
and more general, shall be allowed to pass free and unmolested ; and
neither of the contracting powers shall grant or issue any commission to
any private armed vessels, empowering them to take or destroy such tra-
ding ships, or interrupt such commerce."

REMARKS.

This letter from Mr. Jefferson does honor to the American
Congres"? of 1784, and shows that philanthropic principles
were adopted in the very infancy of our repiihlican govern-
ment. It does honor to Dr. Franklin, as the mover of a plan
for circumscribing the horrors of war and diminishing the
motives for an appeal to arms. And it also does honor to
Mr. Jefferson ', for while be avows himself as the writer both
of the instructions of Congress to their commissioners, and
also of the celebrated article in the treaty with Prussia, he
candidly assures us, that <« the suggestion was originally
from Dr. Franklin."

Though Mr. Jefferson declines « giving any new opinion
on this subject,'* he has frankly told us what was his opinion
thirty five years ago, when his « faculties" were in full vig-
or ; and lie does not intimate that any change of views has
occurred either by longer experience and observation, or "de-
clining faculties." He is entitled to our thanks for the in-
formation he has given relative to some^ facts which were
not generally known.

We devoutly hope that the present rulers of our country
are not less enlightened nor less philanthropic, than a Con-
gress of the last century ; and that similar instructions will
again be given to all our Ministers at foreign courts. Should
the humane proposition, which originated in the American
Congress, be revived and pursued, the time may soon arrive
when it will be regarded as a greater benefit and a greater
honor to our nation, than all our sanguinary exj-loits, by sea
or land, since 1784. War and warriors will not always be
the GLORY of Christian countries. Men however, who have
heretofore been engaged in war, h<^lieving in its necessity
and justice, while they deplored its effects, and who were not
dependant merely on fighting valor for their fame, hut were
in Iheir general characters virtuous and useful, will still re-
tain the esteem of the wise and candid. As the world be-
comes more enlightened, greater allowances will be made for
the prejudices of education, in estimating the characters of
men of former generations.

CUMMINGTON PEACE SOCIETY,

This respectable Society was organized as a Branch of
the Massachusetts Peace Society, Sept, 3, 1819.

orFICERS.

Nehemiah Richards, Esq. President,

Maj. R. Dawes,") P-. p„g„^jg„*„
Amos Cobb, J ^^^^ ^resiaents.

Seth Porter Jun. Treasurer.

Cyrus Ford, S ^lorre^Pondvi^S ««^ Recording
' (_ Secretary,

The Members of ,this Society, already reported, are 49.
Their names will be given in the next annual Catalogue.
Vol, II, JVb. 6. 5

CONSTITUTION OF THE HIISTGHAM PEACE SOCIETY.

1. The name of this Society shall be the Hinghatn Peace Society. It
sh^l be a branch of the Massachusetts Peace Society. Its sole object
shall be to discoui-age the practice of war, and promote peace and good
will among men.

2. The officers of the Society shall be a President, Secretary, Treasurer,
and six Trustees, to be chosen annually by ballot, who together shall
constitute the Executive Committee.

3. The Treasurer shall receive all monies which may be at any time
due, or belong to the Society, and account for the same to the Executive
Committee.

4. The Secretary shall keep a Record of the proceedings of the Society
and of the Executive Committee, in a book for that purpose, in which
book this Constitution shall be entered and subscribed by all the members.
It shall also be his duty to attend, under the direction of the ('ommittee,
to all the correspondence of the Society.

5. The Executive Committee shall receive and provide for the distribu-
tion of all the tracts which may belong to the Society, exumine from time
to time the Treasurer's accounts, call meetings of the Society whenever
a majority of them shall deem it expedient, and manage all its prudential
concerns, which it may not be necessary to bring before the Society at a
general meeting.

6. The Society shall meet annually on the afternoon of the annual state
Thanksgiving ; and this and, all other meetings shall be notified by the
Secretary in the mode which the Society may prescribe.

7. Every person subscribing this Constitution, and paying one dollar
annually to the Treasurer, shall be a member of this society ; and all do-
nations to its funds shall be gratefully recorded, and applied exclusively to
the object of the Society.

8. Every member shall receive at least half the amount of his subscrip-
tion in the tracts of the Society at the lowest wholesale price, and the re-
maining tracts belonging to them shall be distributed at the direction of
the Executive Committee.

9. No alteration or addition sliall be made to this Constitution but at
the annual meetings of the Society, and by consent of two thirds of the
members present ; and no change in the objects of the Society shall ever
be made.

Officers of the Society.

Samuei Norton, Esq. President.
llev. Daniei KiMBAiJi, Secretary,
Joshua Wilder, Treasurer.

Trustees,
Kev. Henry Colman Charles "W. Gushing

Caleb Thaxter, Esq. Martin Lincoln. Esq,

Dea. John Jacob Joseph Wilder Jr. Esq,

Members of the Society 36.
JVbfe. The two Societies now reported are important ac-
quisitions. As a Catalo.ajue of the Massachusetts Peace So-
ciety with all its Branches will probably be puhlished early
in the next year, it has heen deemed proper not to occupy the
pages of the Friend of Peace with the additional names — ex-
cepting those of oflScers.

ON HEARING THE NEWS OF PEERY's VICTORY.

I HEAE the bells that echo round,

I hear the cannon's thundering sound.

And shouts of mirth and glee .-

I ask the cause with haste and fear.

Of this alarm— and quickly hear ^

The news of Victory.

For oh ! Bellona's dreadful voice
Sends forth a battle cry.
And men — deluded men, rejoice
To see their fellows die.

Yet think not that I cannot feel
A pleasure in Columbia's weal,
A grief to hear her woes ;
My heart is mov*d for those decreed
By fate severe to fall and bleed.
And mourns for friends and foes.

For who can hear the work of death
On Erie's silver flood.
Nor think the victor's laurel-wreath
Is spotted thick With blood !

And how can those to whom belong
The witching power to raise the song
In measure bold and high.
Those bloody deeds in story blend
And tell how glorious is the end
Of those who bravely die !

t>h, rathet in the world's esteem

A simple child I'll be.

Than wake the lyre — and name the theme,

Jl song of victory. *

* These lines were received several months ago, as written by a " young
woman" of a neighbouring state. We hope the sentiments will be imbib-
ed by all the women in Christendom, whethei- young or old ; and that
men as well as women will be led to reflect on the sanguinary expense
with which victors acquire renown. — \Ve have omitted three verses, from
an apprehension that the poem, without them, would be more perfect and
impressive.

A DIAIOGUE ON- WAR WITH SPAIN.

Windham — aMemTier of Congress.
Plutarch— a Friend of Peace.

Windham. "Well, Mr. Plutarch, Ferdinand has refused
to ratify the Treaty for a cession of the Floridas, — what do
you now think of war ?

Plutarch. I think as I have done for several years.

W. I believe we shall have a war with Spain, whatever
you may think or say against it.

P. I hope. Sir, that your desires do not accord with your
opinion.

W, I think Spain has treated us very ill, and that in case
of a war, we shall take the Floridas with ease j and thus in-
demnify ourselves for the five millions of dollars which she
has long neglected to pay.

P. Perhaps she will pay what is due without the expense
of a war ; if not, in ray opinion, it would be poor economy
to expend fifty millions of dollars to recover a debt of five.
Besides, t he pecuniary expenses of war are of trifling con-
sideration when compared with its crimes, and the sacrifices
of human life. Justice and humanity would not sacrifice a
single life for five millions of dollars. Did you, Sir, ever
read an article " On Counting the Cost of a proposed War,*'
in the 14th No. of the Friend of Peace ?

JF. I have not read any thing in that work.

P. I wish you would read that article ; it may be of use
to you.

W. To gratify you, I will read it ; but my present views
are in favor of war.

F I suppose tiie five millions of dollars are due to indi-
vidual merchants, and not to the government ; but if the \ v^
should be averaged on all the inhabitants of the United States,
it would perhaps hejifiy cents to each individual. The prob-
able expenses and losses of a war should not be estimated at
less than ten times that amount. Are you then willing to
pay^re dollars for Jifty cents, and give your own life as an
additional sacrifice ?

W, My own life ! what do you mean by that ?

P. Why, Sir, it appears to me that those who are in fa-
vor of a war, should be as willing to sacrifice their own lives,
as to vote away the lives of other men.

W. It is not expected that Members of Congress will en-
ter the ranks of an army, and expose their lives in battle.
We have thousands of regular troops who have been trained
up for the business of war ; they are paid for their services,
and it is their duty to fight whenever they are called on for
that purpose.

P. I know it is not expected that Members of Congress
will expose their lives as soldiers ; if it were, I should have
but little fear of a war with Spain. As to the regular troops,
I pity them from my heart. They are slaves in the worst
sense of the term ; but they have lives and souls, which
aliould not be wantonly sacrified in projects of revenge, am-
bition, or avarice.

W, The military character of our nation already stands
high ; a war with Spain will raise it still higher. We shall
doubtless acquire a firm possession of the Floridas, \^ hich are
worth many millions of dollars. In this way we shall be
able to extirpate the nests of pirates and robbers in the wes-
tern regions, and be in a better situation to control the In-
dians and prevent further wars with these savages.

P. It is my opinion that a pacific character would be
more honorable to our nation and afford far greater security,
than the highest reputation for military achievements ', — that
it is not desirable that we should become robbers and pirates

ourselves, for the sake of extirpating the nests of depredators
which have heen already formed — and that it is much better
to control the Indians by kindness, than by cruelty.
(tW. If all men were of your opinion in regard to war, it
mij^ht be well for them ; but this is not the case. Wars
must, therefore, still be expected ; and a more favourable
opportunity for a war with Spain will perhaps never occur.
But business calls, and I must retire.

P. It should be your aim. Sir, as well as mine, to culti-
Tate and encourage those dispositions and sentiments which,
if generally imbibed, would give tranquillity to the world.
But, as you are in haste, I will close the present interview
by some concise statements, for you consideration while on
your way to the seat of government : —

Whether we shall have a war with Spain depends princi-
pally on the following gentlemen — the President of the Uni-
ted States, with the Secretaries or Heads of Departments—
the Members of the two Houses of Congress, and the Con-
ductors of Newspapers in the several States.

Suppose the aggregate of these several classes to be 500,
and that it could be known beforehand, that a war with
Spain and the conquest of the Floridas would cost the Uni-
ted States merely the moderate sacrifice of these 500 men :
Which of them would raise his hand or his voice in favor of
the war ?

Or suppose the possession of the Floridas might be ac-
quired by the sacrifice of one only of these individuals — which
of them has the patriotism or the magnanimity to step for-
ward and say — If my country can obtain so great a benefit
as the possession of the Floridas, at so cheap a rate as the
loss of my life, here I am ready to be sacrificed ? Are you,
Mr. Windham, the man of such exalted patriotism ? But,
Sir, a war on Spain cannot probably be made and closed at
less expense than the lives of ten thousands of our citizens,
and as many more on the part of Spain. Can he then be
regarded as a man of benevolence, integrity, and honor, or a
fit guardian of our rights, who will give his vote to sacrifice
ten or twenty thousands of his fellow beings, while he would

not give his own life to procure to his country every benefit
which he anticipates from the war ?— To speak plainly, Sir,
such wanton and merciless love of cmintri{ is not, in my opin-
ion, any better than the patriotism of pirates and highway-^
men ; and it is far less heroic — for they do their own fight-
ing. I rejoice, however, in the belief that, of the several class-
es which have been named, there are many gentlemen who
would sooner sacrifice their own lives to preserve peace,
than to barter away the lives of others in exchange for
the Floridas ; and I cannot but hope, Mr. Windham, that
on due reflection you will prefer being of that number. For
it is written — " Blessed are the peace-makers ; for they
shall be called the children of God." — Whose children then
are the war-makers ! and what must be their doom !

W, You have expressed your views in strong language ;
but I will reflect on what you have said.- — Farewell.

P. Adieu — May the Lord direct you in the path of wis-
dom, which is ever the path of peace.

AUSPICIOUS OCCURRENCES,

Though we have not been favoured with any late accounts from our
brethren in England, we have still some auspicious occurrences to record.

I. within the last three months two important Auxiliaries to the Massa-
chusetts I'eace Society have been organized and put in operation, an
account ofv/hichis contained in the preceding pages. — The Massachu-
setts Peace Society, with its several Branches, comprises at this time
nearly 900 Members.

II. From the Second Annual Report of the Ohio Peace Society we learn,
that it is now composed of four Branches— 169 Members ; that a Second
Peace Society has been formed in Indiana, Vigo county ; and that " the
Western Association of the New Jerusalem Church is also a Peace Socie-
ty."

III. The President and Trustees of the Peace Society of Maine have sent
to the President of the United States an excellent Memorial against the
practice of Privateering. Piracy, a blood-relation of Privateering, has
recently excited considerable attention by her multiplied atrocities ; and
it is expected that the business of maritime depredation in its various
forms, will soon be made a subject of discussion in the Congress of the
United States.

IV. A Proposition for a Meeting to form a Peace Society in Philadelr
phia, has been published in the Newspapers of that city. Perhaps a So-
ciety is already formed.

V. A monthly work has been established at Glasgow in Scotland, entl-
tied " The British Magazine and Periodical Gleaner," which is devoted to
the cause of peace and other philanthropic objects. We are indebted
to a friend in New York for the perusal of seven Numbers of the work.

We think its circulation will greatly subserve the cause of humanity,
benevolence and peace.

Vf. Tlie National Intelligencer of Oct. 23, contains an article from the
American Watchman, in which there is an allusion to the mourning for
^Jommodoi'e Perry, with the following reflections : — "Nations go in mourn-
jng only for the adepts in the arts of destruction. Senseless beings that
we are ! When shall we know who are in truth our benefactors ! — When
the innocence and wisdom of the Golden Age revisit the earth, tlien will
there be other paths to distinction among cotemporaries, than that defiled
by carnage and stained with blood." See article on " Dr. William Baldwin.'*

We have not quoted tliese sentiments from disrespect to the Commo-
dore, but to show the progress of light.

VII Many Newspapers of our country have been employed in diffusing
information of the Skullcap remedy for the bite of Mad Dogs. One Num-
ber of the National Intelligencer had not less than five long columns for
this humane purpose. Hence a hope may be derived that our philanthro-
pic Editors will soon engige in disseminating knowledge of the best
remedies for the bite of Mad Princes, and the preventives of the luar-hy-
(Iropliobia. This disease has long made dreadful havoc of our rase, — it
has been far more extensively fatal than canine madness. Men, how-
ever, will cease to wonder at the destressing ravages of this distemper,
when Jiey shall have been duly informed, that, instead of using the natu-
ral remedies and preventives, it has been the -common policy of state
ph5'sicians to render the disease popular and hereditary, and to diffuse the
fatal poison as the best means for averting its deleterious effects. By a
similar policy the small pox and canine madness might have been made to
depopulate the worldt But as modern discoveries have furnished a mild
substitute for one of these maladies, and a simple remedy for the other,
we may rationally hope that some substitute or remedy will be found for
the more desolating disease, which may be emphatically styled the kings
ivitj or the kotal hydrophobia,

JSTotice to Members of the M. P. S.

Members of the Massachusetts Peace Society, residing at a distance
from Boston, who have not paid their annual subscriptions, and who have
no better means of conveyance, may forward their money in letters directed
to the Post Master in Brighton He, beiiig the Corresponding Secretary
and agent for the Society, will forward receipts for such sums as he shall
receive. The success of the Society depends much on the punctuality of
its Members.

Deceased Members of the M. P. S.

Rev. E. B. Caldwell, Waynesboro, Georgia ; Rev. J Himtington, Bos-
ton ; A. Craigie Esq. Cambridge ; John Dabney Esq. Salem.

Supposed Error. *

In p. 30 of this Number the reader will have observed a note, which
was written inconsequence of a Newspaper account of the death of Dr.
Bondlnot. Since which — and too late to suppress the Note — we have
been told that the report of his death is contradicted in the Boston Daily
Advertiser. If he be still living, we shall rejoice in the continuance of a
life so valuable ; and he, and other candid men. will readily excuse a mis-
rake, unaccompanied by any design to wound the feelings of the living, op
to reproach the dead.

iKew Works.

Just published and for sale by CUMMINGS & BILLIARD, at the Boston Book
store, No. 1 Cornhill, and also at their store in Cambridge—

OUTLINES OF BOTANY/ taken chiefly from
Smith's Inti'odufction ; containing an explanation of Botanical
terms, and an iliirstration of the System of Linnaeus. Also
some account ot Natural Orders, and the Anatomy and Phy-
siology of Vegetables. Illustrated with Engravings. For
the use of Schools and Students. By John Locke, M. D.
Lecturer on Botany.

Bey. Dr. WARE'S SERMON, delivered iii Boston,
April 14, 1819, at the Ordination of the Rev. John Pier-
pont. — 2d edition.

Rev. Dr. HOLMES' SERMON, delivered before the

Convention of the Congregational Ministers of Massachu-
setts, at their annual meeting in Boston, 27 May, 1819.

Rev. Dr. OSGOOD'S SERMON, delivered in Water-
town, June 23, 1819, at the Ordination of Rev. Convers
Francis.

Rev. Dr. RIPLEY'S SERMON, delivered at Belfast,
July 21, 1819, at the Inauguration of Rev. William Frothing-
ham.

INAUGURAL DISCOURSE, delivered before the
University in Cambridge, August 10, 1819. By Andrews
Norton, Dexter Professor of Sacred Literature.

HILLIARD AND METCALF— CAMBRIDGE,

HAVE IW PRESS,

INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT AND MOD-
ERN GEOGRAPHY, by J. A. CtrMMiNGS. 7th edition.

INSTITUTES OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY,

Theoretical and Practicsil, by Wiuliam Enfield, LL. D.
3d American edition.

DALZEL'S GRAECA MAJORA, vol. IL 3d
Cambridge edition.

ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY, in 2 vols. vol. IL
By John Gorham, M. D. Professor of Chemistry in Har-
vard University. ■*

WINSTANLEY'S VINDICATION of certain pas-
sages in the comraon EpgUsh Version of the New Tefstametit,,

1'TTTT^r^lr^li'^^fnr^l^T"*^*^^^^^^^'''^^^^"''^'"''^°^'^"^'°^' *''*'''"

CUiM MINGS AND HILLIARD,

At THE BOSTON^ BOOKSTORE, NO, 1 OOR»HiT T -
have just published,
A KEW

PHONOUNCING SPELLING BOOK,

^iu-whiclj the sound of every syllable is simply and accuratelyj
Pconveyed accoi'ding to Walker's pronunciation, and adapted to[
levery capacity. By J. x\. Cummi.\gs.

»^Uo lately published as above f

)i INTRODUCTION TO xVLGEBRA, containing (heg

Mathematics, which will hereafter be required i'or admissiom

into Harvard University,

?LEGENDRE'3 ELE^IENTS OF GEOMETRY, translated^

from the tenth Paris edition.

DIGEST OF THE REPORTS of all the Cases arejued and^
determined in the Supreme Judicial Court of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts, from the year 1804 to 1815,inclusiv«.^
By Lewis BiGELOW, Esq.
^ELEMENTS OF CHExMISTRY, in 2 vols. Vol. 1. By\
John Gorham, M. D. Professor of Chemistry in Harvarc
University.
JA TEXTUARY, or Guide to Preachers in the selecting of texts.j

Upon an entirely new plan. By T. M. Harris, D. D.
JCOLLECTANEA GRiECA MAJORA, in 2 vols. Vol. U

3d Cajmbridge ed.

ICOLLECTANEA GR^ECA MINORA. 4^;h Cambridge ed.j

iTHE LATIN TUTOR, or an Introduction to the making ol|

Latin ; containing a copious exemplification of the rules oft

the Latin syntax from the best authorities. Accommodated!

to Adam's Grammar, and Smith's N. H. L. Grammar.

lOELECTUS Sententiarum Gi'secanim^ ad usuni tironum. ac-

• commodafiis ; cum Notulis et Lexico. 2d Cambridge Edit.^

|A PRACTICAL VIEW of Christian Education. By T.l

i, Babington, Esq. 3d American edition.

ImASSACHUSETTS TERM REPORTS. By D. A. Ttng,|

I Esq. Fifteenth volume. g

IFIRST LESSONS in Geography and Astronomy, for Youngg

I Children. By J. A. Ctjmmings, 2d Edition. |

r^ t^ fr:ii r^ n^ r:^ 1*^ F^ P^

1
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